An interactive account of bilingual lexical acquisition
Cognateness, frequency, and vocabulary size
An interactive account of bilingual lexical acquisition
Learning words is very important
Learning a word involves the association between a linguistic form to its referent(s) (very complex)
Bilinguals face the challenge of learning more than one word-form per referent
We still don’t know much about how bilingualism impacts word learning
Vocabulary checklist: number/proportion of words checked by caregivers as Understands, and/or Says
English-Spanish bilinguals have smaller English vocabulary sizes, compared to monolinguals, but similar vocabulary sizes when both language are summer together (Hoff et al. 2012)
Bilingual toddlers learning two typologically close languages showed larger vocabulary sizes (Floccia et al. 2018)
Cognate: form-similar translation equivalents
| Cognate | Non-cognate |
|---|---|
| [cat] /ˈgat-ˈgato/ | [dog] /ˈgos-ˈpe.ro/ |
Cognateness facilitates vocabulary growth: mechanisms?
Lexical access is language non-selective:
Translation equivalents are co-activated Even in monolingual situations
Cognates are acquired earlier than non-cognates (Mitchell, Tsui, and Byers-Heinlein 2022)
Dissociation between models of bilingual word processing (parallel activation) and word acquisition
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{width=14in, fig-align:center}
For participant \(i\) and word \(j\):
\[ \begin{aligned} \text{Learning instances}_{ij} &= \text{Age}_i \cdot \text{Frequency}_j \\ \text{Frequency}_j &\sim \text{Poisson}(\lambda) \end{aligned} \]
\[ \begin{aligned} \text{Age of acquisition}_{ij} &= min(\text{Threshold}_{ij}-\text{Learning instances}_{ij}) \end{aligned} \]
We fix some parameters:
\[ \begin{aligned} \text{Threshold} &= 250 \\ \lambda &= 1 \end{aligned} \]
| Catalan | Spanish |
|---|---|
| 100% | 0% |
\[ \text{Threshold} = 300 \\ \text{Frequency}_{j} \sim \text{Poisson}(\lambda) \\ \lambda = 50 \]
\[
\begin{aligned}
\text{Learning instances} &= Age_i \cdot Frequency_j \cdot (c \cdot Similarity_j)
\end{aligned}
\]
| Catalan | Spanish |
|---|---|
| 60% | 40% |
\[ \text{Threshold}_{ij} = 300 \\ \text{Frequency}_{j} \sim \text{Poisson}(\lambda) \\ \lambda = 50 \]
| Catalan | Spanish |
|---|---|
| 75% | 25% |
\[ \text{Threshold} = 250 \\ \text{Freq. per month} \sim \text{Poisson}(1) \]
On-line, inspired in MacArthur-Bates CDI
~1,600 items/words (800 Catalan + 800 Spanish)
Participants filled one of 4 versions of the questionnaire:
500 items: 250 Catalan + 250 Spanish
Short-listed (nouns): 302 translation equivalents (TE)
138,078 responses from 366 participants
| 1 time | 2 times | 3 times | 4 times |
|---|---|---|---|
| 312 | 42 | 8 | 4 |
Ordinal regression model: \(P(Understands)\), \(P(Says)\)
Multilevel: Crossed-random effects
Bayesian: probability of parameter values
\[P(\text{model} | \text{data}) \propto P(\text{data} | \text{model}) \times P(\text{model})\]
fixest’s powerful native tabling functions were designed for LaTeX output. But we can use the markdown = TRUE option to make them work with this theme too. (Details here.) Quick notes:
tinytex & pdftools packages first.output: asis.You can use the {.background-image} container environment to completely fill the slide background with an image.
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Note: Simple flight data example using threejs. There are many interactive plotting options beyond this. (More details.)
The Quarto Revealjs clean theme is intended as a minimal and elegant presention theme.
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Levenshtein distance: number of edits for two character strings to become identical
| Orthography | Phonology | String | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Catalan | porta | /ˈpɔɾ.tə/ | pɔɾtə |
| Spanish | puerta | /ˈpweɾ.ta/ | pweɾta |
\[
1-\frac{lev(A, B)}{Max(length(A), length(B))}
\]
| Catalan | Spanish | Levenshtein |
|---|---|---|
| porta (/ˈpɔɾ.tə/) | puerta (/ˈpweɾ.ta/) | 0.50 (3) |
| taula (/ˈtaw.lə/) | mesa (/ˈmesa/) | 0.00 (5) |
| cotxe (/ˈkɔ.t͡ʃə/) | coche (/ˈkot͡ʃe/) | 0.40 (3) |
| … | … | … |
International Symposium of Psycholinguistics | Vitoria, 31st May, 2023